______ theories posed a challenge to classical theories, viewing the latter as simplistic and solely concerned with the individual.

a. Ecological
b. Economic
c. Neoclassicist
d. Demonological


a. Ecological

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According to a recent meta-analysis comparing educational programs with vocational programs, educational—but not vocational—programs effectively reduced recidivism

a. True b. False

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________ developed a method of conditional release while supervising an English penal colony at Norfolk Island in New South Wales

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Case citations are summaries of a court's majority opinion

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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