Two studies test a hypothesis about the association between crime and drug use. Study A uses a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypothesis that crime increases drug use. Adults are surveyed and asked about their levels of drug use and criminal behavior. Study B uses a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypothesis that juvenile delinquency causes drug use. Adults are surveyed about their delinquent behaviors in adolescence and whether they are currently using drugs. With respect to the two studies:
a. Study A does a better job of meeting criteria for establishing causality between variables.
b. Neither A nor B does a better job of meeting the criteria for establishing time order.
c. Study A is preferable to study B in terms of the criterion of association only.
d. Study B does a better job of meeting criteria for establishing causality between variables.
d. Study B does a better job of meeting criteria for establishing causality between variables.
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In the 1990s, which of the following was Mexico's most powerful drug trafficking organization?
a. Sinaloa Cartel b. Juarez Cartel c. Amezcuas d. Cali Cartel
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The first juvenile corrections facility was called the House of Refuge. 2. Most inmates at the first juvenile corrections facility were sent there voluntarily by their parents. 3. Labor unions were opposed to work programs for juvenile inmates. 4. In the 1970s, Jerome Miller reformed the Massachusetts juvenile corrections system by consolidating all existing facilities into one large, maximum-security prison. 5. There have been many high-profile cases that have detailed sexual assault and violence against juveniles in corrections facilities.
Concerning defects in form, content or procedure (Rule 109), a summary charge shall not be dismissed based solely on defects in form, content, or procedure unless
A. the issue is raised before the conclusion of the summary trial B. the officer admits to their mistake C. the defect is prejudicial to the rights of the accused D. both A and C
To be valid under the Fourth Amendment, a consent to search must be in writing
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false