Describe the differences in function of the five immunoglobulin classes. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: IgA--in mucus, tears, saliva, and milk; it prevents microorganisms
from attaching to epithelial surfaces; in respiratory passages, digestive, urinary, and
reproductive tracts; it fights against inhaled or ingested pathogens. IgD--in plasma, on B cell
surface; activates B cells after antigen binding. IgE--in plasma; binds to mast cells causing
release of histamine; also aids in fight against parasitic worms. IgG and IgM--in plasma;
defends against bacteria, viruses, fungi; interacts with macrophages and activates
complement system.
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You're examining fossils from a variety of hominin species. Which fossils would show the greatest amount of radioactive material in relation to daughter products?
A) Paranthropus aethiopicus B) Homo habilis C) Ardepithecus ramidus D) Australopithecus garhi
Which of the following sequences of events is most characteristic of a generalized plant life cycle?
A. sporophyte ® mitosis ® spore ® gametophyte ® gamete ® zygote B. sporophyte ® meiosis ® spore ® gametophyte ® gamete ® zygote C. gametophyte ® meiosis ® spore ® sporophyte ® gamete ® zygote D. gametophyte ® mitosis ® spore ® sporophyte ® gamete ® zygote
Which of the following responses is NOT a part of the B cell activation?
A) T helper cells release interleukins. B) Antigen is engulfed and digested to be presented on the B cell surface. C) T helper cells recognize the antigen through T cell receptor and MHC proteins. D) Interleukins stimulate B cells to divide. E) Antigen presented by macrophages binds to IgM on the B cell surface.
Based on the figure below, how many groups (clusters) of Hox genes does each type of animal have? 
A. All animals must have at least 2 groups because all animals have a posterior and anterior end. B. Mammals: 11 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 1 groups; Anemones: 4 groups. C. Mammals: 4 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 2 groups; Anemones: 1 group. D. Mammals: 27 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 2 groups; Anemones: 1 group. E. Mammals: 4 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 1 groups; Anemones: 2 group.