What was new in American resistance to the Townshend duties?
A. non-importation of British goods
B. institutionalized mechanisms for enforcing non-importation
C. an intercolonial congress
D. a formal statement of American constitutional arguments
B. institutionalized mechanisms for enforcing non-importation
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What is the best characterization of the wars that occurred in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
A) They were civil wars within Christendom more so than political contests. B) Europeans learned to resolve differences by peace rather than war. C) Religion ceased to be a major force in European society. D) The Reformation played little role in international disputes. E) Values and ideologies play little role in human conflict.
The Reconquista was
a. the attempt by the Dominican friars to purge heretics in Spain. b. the gradual reclaiming of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces. c. the expulsion of all Jews and Muslims from Spain. d. a war against the Albigensians. e. the fifth crusade launched by Spain to retake Jerusalem.
As a result of _____________ in 732, Charles Martel, ‘the Hammer', emerged as not only the most powerful man in Frankland but also the leader of the most powerful force in Latin Christendom.
a. Leading an expedition to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims. b. Instituting new metallurgical and tool-making skills among the Franks. c. Deposing the last Merovingian king. d. Defeating advancing Muslim armies at the Battle of Tours.
Why was quinine such an important tool of the conquest of Africa?
a. It was an essential part of the machine gun. b. It prevented malaria, and allowed Europeans to go into the interior. c. It was method of translating European texts into Bantu. d. It was a method of labor control by violence used in the Congo. e. It was a way to prevent the spread of small pox.