A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide caused by the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is described by the
A) carbamino effect.
B) Henderson-Hasselbalch effect.
C) respiratory quotient.
D) Bohr effect.
E) Haldane effect.
Ans: A) carbamino effect.
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A number of systems for pumping ions across membranes are powered by ATP. Such ATP-powered pumps are often called ATPases, although they do not often hydrolyze ATP unless they are simultaneously transporting ions
Because small increases in calcium ions in the cytosol can trigger a number of different intracellular reactions, cells keep the cytosolic calcium concentration quite low under normal conditions, using ATP-powered calcium pumps. For example, muscle cells transport calcium from the cytosol into the membranous system called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). If a resting muscle cell's cytosol has a free calcium ion concentration of 10-7 while the concentration in the SR is 10-2, then how is the ATPase acting? A) ATPase activity must be powering an inflow of calcium from the outside of the cell into the SR. B) ATPase activity must be transferring i to the SR to enable this to occur. C) ATPase activity must be pumping calcium from the cytosol to the SR against the concentration gradient. D) ATPase activity must be opening a channel for the calcium ions to diffuse back into the SR along the concentration gradient. E) ATPase activity must be routing calcium ions from the SR to the cytosol, and then to the cell's environment.
Organisms in phylum Thermarchaeota were first identified as distinct from Crenarchaeota when ________.
A. the unique membrane lipid thermarchaeol was discovered in mesophilic ammonia oxidizers B. not all members of the phylum could oxidize ammonia C. all members of the phylum Crenarchaeota were cultured in the laboratory and found to be different D. whole-genome sequences were processed and compared
A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?
A) a guard cell B) the root epidermis C) the endodermis D) the root cortex
IR absorbed by a molecule causes its bonds to break.
a. true b. false