Budget shortfalls are also known as ______.
a. defaults
b. defuncts
c. deficits
d. devaluation
c. deficits
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Which of the following is an example of a justiciable controversy that gives a person or persons a standing to sue?
A. A lawsuit filed by a hospital against its official sewage cleaners as the latter failed to remove toxic garbage from the hospital's vicinity B. A lawsuit filed by a shop owner against an innocent customer because of previous personal grudges C. A lawsuit filed by a school district against a television channel for broadcasting violent advertisements D. A lawsuit filed by an environmental group against the U.S. government for the latter's purchase of oil E. A lawsuit filed by a not-for-profit organization against an entrepreneur for opening another not-for-profit organization
Criminologists give all of the following as explanations for the recent decline in the crime rate EXCEPT for
a) prison expansion. b) zero tolerance policies. c) better police work. d) high-tech crime fighting tools. e) increased purchase of guns by citizens for protection.
The Council-Manager Form of Local Government video advocated that structure for cities. Which of the following advantages did the advocates feel was beneficial to city government?
a. The presence of an independently elected mayor ensures the council-manager system will be responsive to public concerns. b. Although the council-manager form is more costly than the strong-mayor system, it is worth the expense to hire a professional, experienced city manager to oversee city operations. c. By separating management of city operations from city politics, services provided to residents will be more effectively delivered and save taxpayer dollars. d. All of the above were presented as advantages of the council-manager form.
Lowering the voting age to 18 in 1971 reflected
a. Supreme Court decisions that the drinking age and the voting age needed to be the same. b. a deep desire among political reformers to increase electoral turnout. c. political needs provoked by the Vietnam War as youth argued if they were old enough to die, they were old enough to vote. d. regulations issued by the Department of Justice following the passage of the Voting Rights Act that any discriminatory barriers in elections needed to be removed.