Opposite of the commonly held belief that laughter lowers blood pressure, Martin (2002, p. 218) concludes that "experimental studies indicate that laughter is actually associated with short-term increases in blood pressure and heart rate, but no longer-term effects.". Discuss the more positive results found for using coping humor
What will be an ideal response?
More positive results are found for using coping humor, a strategy of using humor to cope with stress. For example, Kuiper and his colleagues (Kuiper, Grimshaw, Leite, & Kirsh, 2004) demonstrated that coping humor is linked to higher levels of self-esteem, perceived competency, and positive affect as well as less anxiety, depression, and negative affect. Further, they demonstrated that some sense-of-humor styles are associated with positive psychological well-being such as affiliative humor (e.g., "I laugh and joke a lot with my friends") and self-enhancing humor (e.g. "Even when I'm by myself, I am amused by the absurdities in life"), whereas others are associated with negative psychological well-being such as self-defeating humor (e.g., "I often get carried away in putting myself down if it makes my family and friends laugh") and belabored humor (e.g., "I react in an exaggerated way to mildly humorous comments") (Kuiper et al., 2004, p. 147). Their ironic conclusion is listed in the title of their article that reads "Humor is not always the best medicine" (p. 135).
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A __________cause is a consequence of a disorder that helps the disorder continue once it has manifested
a. perpetuating b. precipitating c. predictive d. predisposing
List and describe influences upon self-esteem in adolescence
What will be an ideal response
Kohlberg proposed that there are ___ broad levels of moral development, each of which can be broken into ___ substages, for a total of ____ stages
a. 4; 2; 8 b. 3; 3; 9 c. 3; 2; 6 d. 2; 3; 6
According to our discussion of the article Over the Hill about the Betula study of adult cognition, long term longitudinal studies are:
(a) probably seriously flawed by the unrepresentativeness of the later samples (b) the best method yet devised for studying psychology over the lifespan (c) the only way to overcome cohort effects as confounds (d) so difficult to do that only one has been completed