Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals, it is reasonable to conclude that aggression
A) may be instinctive—very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges.
B) is instinctive in all species except humans.
C) is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy.
D) is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes.
E) is only instinctive in "lower" animals.
C) is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy.
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In Skinner's study on superstitious behavior in pigeons, the animals were reinforced __________.
A. every time they turned to the left B. every 15 seconds C. every fourth time they bobbed their head D. only if they rocked back and forth
Describe the principle and process underlying the memory work conducted with people who have PTSD. Be sure to use core concepts from the chapter in your response.
What will be an ideal response?
The ______ design will remove error in the data that occurs from the variability that might exist between groups if the conditions were compared for different participants.
A. within-subjects B. between-groups C. within-groups D. between-subjects
Oliver has been charged with murder. Oliver, who has a psychiatric history, doesn't seem to understand the charge against him. He hasn't answered any of the questions that his lawyer has asked him so he hasn't been assisting with his defense. Although his IQ has been tested and found to be in the low normal range, he doesn't seem to understand that if he pleads guilty, he is going to go to
prison. Which of the following is the crucial issue that will determine whether or not Oliver is judged as incompetent? A. his psychiatric history B. his inability to participate knowingly and meaningfully in the proceedings C. his inability to work with defense counsel D. both B and C