While each of these processes are believed to have evolved prior to aerobic respiration, which one is the most critical process, without which aerobic respiration could never have developed?

A. Oxygenic photosynthesis
B. Anoxygenic photosynthesis
C. Lactic acid fermentation
D. Alcohol fermentation


Answer: A

Biology & Microbiology

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The protein complex ________ facilitates the interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and the target.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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Consider the evolution of metabolic pathways. We believe that these pathways evolved from the

a. precursor to the end product, as enzymes became more efficient over time. b. precursor to the end product, as cells simplified the biochemistry of the external environment. c. end product to the precursor, as cells gradually evolved according to a predetermined plan. d. end product to the precursor, as intermediates in the pathway were depleted in the environment. e. end product to the precursor, as photosynthesis began to supply the energy to power the changes at each stage.

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In the above diagram, the ____ is (are) labeled

with the letter "E".

a. esophagus b. larynx c. trachea d. epiglottis e. bronchi

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In the United States, the most common cause of rabies in humans is from

a) raccoons. b) silver-haired bats. c) dogs. d) honey badgers.

Biology & Microbiology