Describe how the structure of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane relates to its function of selective permeability.
What will be an ideal response?
The structure and function of the cytoplasmic membrane are explained in the fluid mosaic model. The cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial cells are composed of phospholipids, which create a semipermeable barrier to the cell's outer environment. The only molecules that can easily cross the membrane are small, lipid soluble molecules. Other types of molecules must use the wide variety of transport proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer to cross the membrane. In this way, the cell can control the concentration of both its nutrients and its waste products. The cytoplasmic membrane can also be used for energy production and for photosynthesis in prokaryotic cells.
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Which of the following is an example of gene regulation at the posttranslational level?
A. Initiation of protein synthesis B. Alteration of protein structure C. Prevention of RNA synthesis D. Early termination of an mRNA transcript
Antibiotics
A. cause mutations to occur. B. may act as alkylating mutagens. C. provide an environment in which preexisting mutants survive. D. increase the rate of spontaneous mutation.
Metabolic pathways are designed to synthesize necessary cellular reagents as required for cellular and tissue function. To accomplish this, the reaction sequence _______.
a) does not include reactions for which the reverse reaction is significant b) includes both reactions that are essentially irreversible and reactions that are freely reversible (near equilibrium). c) utilized only chemical reactions that are energetically favorable (delta G is negative) under the conditions when synthesis is occurring. d) does not include reactions that are near equilibrium
Anti-human antibodies (specific for human IgG antibodies) with fluorescent molecules covalently attached are used for
A) direct fluorescent antibody tests. B) indirect fluorescent antibody tests. C) direct ELISAs. D) indirect ELISAs. E) immunodiffusion tests.