How are control groups designed to be equivalent?
What will be an ideal response?
The critical element in estimating program effects by comparing outcomes for an intervention group with those from a control group is configuring the control group so that it is equivalent to the intervention group prior to any experience with the program. Equivalence, for these purposes, means the following:
Identical composition: Intervention and control groups contain the same mixes of persons or other units in terms of their program-related and outcome-related characteristics
Identical predispositions: Intervention and control groups are equally disposed toward the project and equally likely, without intervention, to attain any given outcome status.
Identical experiences: Over the period of observation, intervention and control groups experience the same time-related processes other than the program experience—maturation, secular drifts, interfering events, and so forth.
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What is a primary difference between Irish and Korean economic attainment after periods of emigration?
A. Korean families have increasingly chosen to emigrate after seeing close relatives or friends find success, while Irish families have more often emigrated with no established connections in their destination cities. B. Korean families have often chosen the correct field of business to generate capital due to temporally specific public needs, while Irish families have historically experienced low-paying work due to their inability to self-start businesses. C. Korean families have often emigrated with previously attained capital that enhances business success, while Irish families have experienced higher rates of low-paying work due to lack of capital. D. Korean families’ work ethic has led them to periods of high economic attainment, while Irish economic attainment was historically based on their high performance in essay-based employment exams.
The __________ was designed to improve the quality of water for swimming and fishing
Fill in the blank with the correct words.
Which of the following best describes the consumer price index?
a. Average annual expenditures b. An imaginary budget based on the prices of goods c. An annual adjustment to wages in response to rising prices d. What an American might typically spend in a year for staple items e. The lowest possible budget on which one might live
What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolish?
A. Slavery B. Segregation laws which had come before it C. Restrictions on due process D. Slavery in new states or territories E. Restrictions on the right to vote