Several nurses are discussing the medicalization of mental health treatment. Which historical figure do they identify as claiming that the physician should be the ultimate authority over moral as well as medical therapy,
and that no one should be exempt from the physician's decision?
1. Tuke
2. Stokes
3. de Paul
4. Esquirol
Answer: 4
Explanation: Jean-Étienne Esquirol, who created one of the most successful private asylums in Paris, believed that physicians should be the undisputed authority in all forms of mental health treatment. Stokes believed that the care of the insane necessitated a consulting rather than a resident physician. Tuke was one of the leaders of the York retreat, which was under the control of lay therapists rather than physicians. Vincent de Paul helped establish a nursing ministry for the insane.
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