Explain why HIV becomes resistant so quickly when a single drug is used therapeutically
A. The virus is an RNA genome virus-by using host RNA polymerase to directly copy the genome to make more virus particles, there's no proofreading capability. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance.
B.
HIV utilizes reverse transcriptase to make a cDNA version of its RNA genome. This polymerase is "'sloppy," with a high rate of error and lack of a proofreading capability. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance.
C. HIV synthesizes a protein enzyme that directly cleaves anti-HIV drugs, giving it a characteristically high rate of resistance to a single drug type.
D. HIV is constantly changing its genetic structure by swapping genetic elements with other virus strains. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance.
B
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A closed-circular DNA in its relaxed form has a linking number (Lk) of 500 . What will happen to the linking number of this molecule if one of the strands is broken?
A. Lk will increase. B. Lk will decrease. C. Lk will stay the same. D. Lk becomes undefined. E. None of these choices is correct.
The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body is called a(n):
a. infection. b. colonization. c. nosocomial infection. d. reservoir.
The main function of salivary amylase is to ________
A) moisten food B) break down proteins C) absorb nutrients D) break down starch
________ occur(s) at greater frequency than ________ in microbial genomes
a. Recombination / mutations b. Mutations / repairs c. Insertions / deletions d. Deletions / insertions