Congenital disorders refer to those conditions that are present at birth. These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition
Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation. For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant client, she should be knowledgeable regarding known human teratogens, which include (select all that apply) a. Infections
b. Radiation
c. Maternal conditions
d. Drugs
e. Chemicals
A, B, C, D
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Correct Exposure to radiation and a number of infections may result in profound
congenital deformities. These include varicella, rubella, syphilis,
parvovirus, CMV, and toxoplasmosis. Certain maternal conditions such as
diabetes and PKU may also affect organs and other parts of the embryo
during this developmental period. Drugs such as antiseizure medication
and some antibiotics, as well as chemicals including lead, mercury,
tobacco, and alcohol, also may result in structural and functional
abnormalities.
Incorrect Coffee is not considered a teratogen.
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A nurse is in a difficult patient care situation and thinks that there is an ethical dilemma. The first action this nurse should take is to
a. decide what predominant values are operating in the situation. b. determine who is involved and uncover their individual goals. c. identify courses of action and possible consequences of actions. d. identify the actions that are justifiable.
The nurse is caring for a client who has chosen to discontinue hemodialysis. The client's family, however, is not supportive of the decision. The nurse who uses the theory of principles-based reasoning would make which statement regarding the current situ
A) "The client understands the decision and the advanced stage of the disease. If the client quits treatment, the client will die." B) "I need to try to help the family understand the client's decision so they can work through this situation together." C) "This client is of sound mind and is capable of making independent decisions regarding health care. It really is the client's decision to make." D) "This client's health is so deteriorated that the treatment is not saving the client's life. It is prolonging the ultimate outcome, which is death."
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with chronic renal failure. The patient is not on dialysis and currently weighs 100 kg. What would be an appropriate intake of protein for this patient?
1. 120 g per day 2. 50 g per day 3. 240 g per day 4. 60 g per day
An older adult patient has been prescribed oral erythromycin tablets. Which precaution is most important to teach?
a. "Take this drug with food or right after eating to reduce intestinal side effects." b. "Avoid driving or operating dangerous equipment while taking this drug." c. "Take your pulse daily and notify your prescriber if it becomes irregular." d. "Wear a hat and sunscreen when outdoors."