A client admitted for difficulty breathing becomes worse. Which assessment findings indicate that the client has developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Oxygen administered at 100%, PaO2 60
b. Increased dyspnea
c. Anxiety
d. Chest pain
e. Pitting pedal edema
f. Clubbing of fingertips
A, B, C
A client who is developing ARDS presents with a decrease in oxygen despite an increase in the fraction of inspired oxygen. Increased dyspnea goes along with the increased hypoxemia, as does anxiety. Chest pain is not specific to ARDS; although chest pain can occur with ARDS, it occurs with many other conditions as well. Pitting edema would not be an assessment factor that con-firms ARDS. Clubbing occurs in chronic, not acute, respiratory conditions.
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