There is a data set A: 3, 3, 3, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13. The data set B is created. It is identical to A, except for its much larger last value. Data set B: 3, 3, 3, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 9, 12, 83
What is the effect of increasing the largest value upon the descriptive statistics of the data set? (Select all that apply.)
a. The mean increases.
b. The median increases.
c. The mode increases.
d. The set's distribution changes from perfectly normal to somewhat skewed.
e. The standard deviation increases.
f. The variance increases.
g. The range increases.
ANS: A, D, E, F, G
The mode is the numerical value or score that occurs with the greatest frequency in a data set; unless this is the largest value, the mode will be unaffected. The median (MD) is the score at the exact center of the ungrouped frequency distribution; it is unaffected by a change in the value of the largest value. The mean is the arithmetic average of all a variable's values in a study and is the most commonly reported measure of central tendency. The mean is sensitive to extreme scores such as outliers, and it will be affected by a large increase in the largest value. Measures of dispersion or variability are measures of individual differences of the members of the population and sample. Since they indicate how different the scores are, they all are affected by an extreme value.
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