Acid–base imbalance and organ regulation is important to the functioning of the body. The lungs and kidneys are two main organs that control the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate
The lungs regulate the carbonic acid, which carbon dioxide is part of, and the kidneys control the regulation of bicarbonate. Compensation occurs when one of these two organs have to adjust to even out the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate.
a. What are the two types of acid–base imbalances?
b. What is the difference between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis?
c. What is the difference between metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis?
d. What blood test is used to determine acidosis and alkalosis and whether it is metabolic or respiratory?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Discussion should include alkalosis and acidosis and what each is.
b. Discussion should include the difference between metabolic and respiratory, which organs affect which, and what acidosis is. What causes respiratory acidosis and what causes metabolic acidosis also should be part of the discussion and can one proceed into the other if left untreated.
c. Discussion should include the difference between metabolic and respiratory, which organs affect which, and what alkalosis is. What causes respiratory acidosis and what causes metabolic acidosis also should be part of the discussion and can one proceed into the other if left untreated.
d. Included in discussion here should be arterial blood gases and their values. Also included should be other lab values, cardiac rhythms, IV fluids, any electrolytes being given, and accurate I&Os.
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