Microbes were first formally observed during the mid-1600s, but the cell theory was not enunciated until 1839. Write a brief essay explaining why microbiology did not become a formally recognized science until Louis Pasteur's and Robert Koch's time
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Answers will vary, but a theme should be the lack of powerful microscopy tools. Without sufficient microscopes individual cells could not be seen, but the activities of microorganisms could be observed, such as the production of ethanol in Louis Pasteur's experiments on fermentation.
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One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was
the evolution of: a. molecular reproduction. b. covalent bonding. c. hydrogen bonding. d. electronegativity. e. valence electrons
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________
A) operator B) proto-oncogene C) regulatory gene D) promoter
During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy to chemical energy. This is an example of
A) increasing entropy. B) a spontaneous reaction. C) the second law of thermodynamics. D) chemical equilibrium. E) the first law of thermodynamics.
Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis?
A. M protein B. Pili C. Polysaccharide capsule D. IgA protease