Answer: The executive functions (or metacognitive regulation) are involved in monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of all cognitive processing. They direct the flow of information and make resource allocations among the structural storage components of memory. The executive functions determine which strategy for information processing will be most useful at a given time, and they monitor

Question

the learning process for signs that the processing is not being effective. Learners with mild disabilities frequently have less effective executive functions and therefore have trouble orchestrating their learning or detecting when they are not learning well or at all. Teachers need to help them develop these strategies as well as the learners' awareness of their own cognitive processing. However, teachers and parents also need to avoid assuming these functions for the learner.

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Answer:
(a) Perception refers to the recognition and labeling of sensory stimuli. It is the process by which the individual attaches meaning to auditory, visual, and haptic (tactile and kinesthetic) stimuli.
(b) Perception involves the integrated use of the following:
• Apprehension: taking notice of the stimuli in the sensory resister
• Encoding: forming a mental representation of the stimulus so that it can be processed
• Perceptual integration: involves combining the stimulus with others to form a more coherent entity, by retrieving similar concepts (cognitive abstractions) from long term memory, and then comparing the stimulus to those patterns from long-term memory to determine a name for the new stimulus
In other words, perception involves the initial encoding of the sensory stimulus, followed by comparison of the stimulus with information stored in long-term memory, resulting in the integration of the stimuli with an appropriate match. Once the match is made, the process is completed by the appropriate action: storage in long-term memory, cognitive manipulation in the working memory, or verbal/motoric output. It is, however, the action of attaching meaning to stimuli that makes all further cognitive processing possible.