A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on aggression. What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol?
a. Given a choice, most participants prefer tonic to alcohol.
b. Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol.
c. Alcohol has powerful placebo effects in the treatment of many medical conditions.
d. The effects of alcohol are the result of an inherited failure to metabolize the drug.
Answer: b.
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Operant conditioning applies mainly to an organism's
A. voluntary responses. B. natural responses. C. involuntary responses. D. biological responses.
The breeding of pit bulls for aggressiveness is an example of
(a) natural selection (b) artificial selection (c) correlation (d) the effect of the lack of variation in evolutionary biology
A procedure used to teach a whole behavior by first training its parts is called
a. higher order conditioning. b. shaping. c. modeling. d. response generalization.
Memories from one's own life are called
a) visual memories. b) implicit memories. c) autobiographical memories. d) explicit memories.