The threat of taking ______ action, if unofficial suggestions are not acceptable to the offenders involved, largely removes any element of voluntarism and is coercive.

A. unofficial
B. discretionary
C. state-law mandated
D. official


D. official

Criminal Justice

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Since the Belmont Report, most of the decisions regarding protection of human subjects in research is under the control of Institutional Review Boards

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Although legal definitions of physical abuse are quite specific, it is important to realize that, in practical terms, what constitutes abuse differs considerably depending on:

A. time. B. place. C. audience. D. all of these.

Criminal Justice

Why is the creation of the FBI considered one of the most significant developments in the history of law enforcement in America?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

The Star Chamber was:

a. the old Supreme Court chamber located in the U.S. Capitol. b. an English court that tried people in secret with no regard to due process. c. a group of highly revered lawyers who drafted the Sixth Amendment. d. an 1880s theatrical group that taught the public the true meaning of due process.

Criminal Justice