Which of the following would be a private cost to a cigarette manufacturer?

a. Price of leaf tobacco.
b. Cost to the government of the hospital expenses of indigent smokers.
c. Increased risk of cancer to the nonsmoking passengers in the smoker's carpool.
d. Price of a pack of cigarettes.
e. The loss in utility received because the smoker must stand outside her office building in the winter to smoke.


a

Economics

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An important critique of real business cycle theory is the belief that cyclical movements in total factor productivity

A) rarely occur. B) may, in part, be an artifact of measurement error. C) lead to imperceptible changes in labor demand. D) are too small to account for the size of fluctuations in real GDP.

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