Explain how cardiac contractile cells differ from cardiac pacemaker cells
What will be an ideal response?
Cardiac contractile cells are striated cardiac muscle cells that respond to excitation from cardiac pacemaker cells by conducting an action potential and contracting. Cardiac pacemaker cells are noncontractile and nonstriated cardiac muscle cells that coordinate electrical activity rhythmically. They spontaneously generate action potentials that trigger cardiac contractile cells to have action potentials, known as autorhythmicity. Cardiac pacemaker cells do not require stimulation from the nervous system to generate action potentials.
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A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called
a) hemorrhagic anemia. b) aplastic anemia. c) megaloblastic anemia. d) pernicious anemia. e) iron deficiency anemia.
The paired, rod-shaped ____ cartilages are located in the mucous membrane fold that connects the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages
a. cuneiform b. cricoid c. corniculate d. vestibular
In adults, the spinal cord is not the same length as the vertebral canal, and most of the lumbar part of the spinal cord is within
A. the coccyx. B. the sacrum. C. the cervical vertebrae. D. the thoracic vertebrae. E. the cauda equina.
________ describes how much product is generated or substrate destroyed within a period of time.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).