Which of the following would be the best method for randomly assigning subjects (n = 40) to treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups in an intervention study? Assign numbers to all subjects and:
a. ignore numbers; group the subjects by diagnosis or physician.
b. place the first 20 subjects in one group and the last in the other.
c. put even-numbered subjects in one group, odd numbered in the other.
d. put numbers 1 to 40 in a box and blindly draw from the box.
ANS: D
In the approach described, all 40 of the subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to either the treatment group or the control group.
Ignoring numbers and grouping the subjects by diagnosis or physician would not give each subject an equal chance of being in either group.
Placing the first 20 subjects in one group and the last in the other does not give every subject the same chance of being in either group. Those with numbers 1 to 20 can only be in the first group and those with numbers 21 to 40 can only be in the second group.
Putting even-numbered subjects in one group, odd numbered in the other does not give every subject the same chance of being in either group. Those with even numbers can only be in the even-number group and those with odd numbers can only be in the odd-number group.
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