During pregnancy and menopause, the rate of urinary tract infections increases because of
a) decreased estrogen.
b) higher acidity.
c) increased estrogen.
d) immunosuppression.
Ans: a) decreased estrogen.
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Sodium and potassium ions can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes. 2. Transport of salts against their concentration gradients is energetically expensive. 3. If you measured the urine concentration of a freshwater fish, you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood. 4. If you measured the urine concentration of a saltwater fish, you would find that it was more concentrated than its blood. 5. Sweat has a higher salt concentration than the blood does in humans.
Which of the following early embryos would be the easiest to distinguish from the others?
a. bird b. honey bee c. human d. snake e. catfish
Both alcohol fermentation and lactate fermentation are highly ____ because the fuel is only partially ____
a. efficient; reduced b. efficient; oxidized c. inefficient; reduced d. inefficient; oxidized e. efficient; metabolized
Which uses synthetic DNA plus DNA cloning techniques to introduce nucleotide changes at specific sites?
a. artificial chromosome synthesis b. ligation c. oligonucleotide replacement d. site-directed mutagenesis