The causes of resistance to change in police agencies:
A) May be rooted in a past experience or past reinforcement history of those facing change.
B) Are attributable to the personality characteristics of police officers.
C) Are a total mystery.
D) Are always calculated by patrol officers to extract concessions from police administrators.
A
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Many experts believe that gang migration is more a trend of street gang culture than the development of individual gangs with a national infrastructure
It is true that some street gangs have national scope, but the majority are local imitations of Los Angeles or Chicago gangs. Only in proximity to large metropolitan areas such as Chicago and Los Angeles has there been evidence of significant gang migration. Name at least five reasons that explain gang member migration.
Which of the following is a basic rationale for prosecuting and punishing corporations, rather than individual executives?
a. Only organizations, not individuals, can be deterred b. Organizations are less able to compensate victims than are individual executives c. Prosecutors can often secure cooperation more effectively when they have the option of prosecuting both the organization and individual executives d. Legal responsibility for crimes always lies ultimately with the corporation
In another model, the researcher wants to examine the effect that drug use has on education. To determine if the independent variable (drug use) has any effect on the dependent variable (education), the researcher should calculate:
a. Base Ns for columns b. Row percentages c. Relative frequencies d. Column percentages
Criminal acts perpetrated by ____________ are more likely to result in injury.
a. Strangers b. Nonstrangers c. Young adults d. Older adults