Which of the following provides the best evidence that reinforcers do not simply strengthen behavior?
a. guinea pigs learned to turn their heads in a different direction when the behavior-reinforcercontingency was changed
b. cats made fewer errors after repeated escapes from a problem box
c. rats trained with bran mash made more errors in a maze when their reinforcer was switched to sunflower seeds
d. pigeons will peck at a key even when doing so results in a loss of food
Ans: c. rats trained with bran mash made more errors in a maze when their reinforcer was switched to sunflower seeds
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Suppose that X and Y are uncorrelated. X has a mean of 15 and Y has a mean of 19 . Given a score of 14 on a particular X observation, the best prediction of Y is a. 0
b. 15. c. 19. d. indeterminate.
Subliminal conditioning is ________
A) instrumental conditioning that occurs with awareness of the stimuli that are used B) observational learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are use C) zone of proximal development learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used D) instrumental conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used E) classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used
_____ are environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus
A) Mutations B) Autosomes C) Teratogens D) Androgens
In regards to brain-behaviour relationships, Rourke (2008 ) raised the following question:
a) Whether the role of neurotransmitters can predict forms of psychosocial functioning in individuals b) Whether forms of psychosocial functioning of individuals can be predicted by neurological analysis c) Whether neuropsychological analysis of individuals could predict forms of psychosocial functioning d) Whether psychosocial functioning could predict neurotransmitter levels