The nurse is visiting with the mother of a child age 20 months. The mother reports concern about the frequency of the toddler's loud outbursts of temper and saying no
The nurse recalls Erikson's theory about negativism and tells the mother which of the following?
A) This is normal, and this is how your child tries to exert control over his environment.
B) This is unacceptable and you must provide appropriate discipline.
C) This has to do with regression and is a response to stress.
D) This is normal and has to do with learning right from wrong.
Ans: A
Negativism (characteristically expressed by saying no) and outbursts of temper result from the toddler's efforts at control over the environment. Because this is normal, severe discipline is not warranted. Regression, or behavior that is more characteristic of a younger age, can occur at any time in response to stressful circumstances. Learning right from wrong is one of the tasks in Havighurst's theory.
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