The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient with a peptic ulcer. Which patient statement indicates understanding about the function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?
a. Digestion of starch
b. Inactivation of pepsin
c. Destruction of pathogens
d. Maintenance of a pH of 7 to 8
ANS: C
Hydrochloric acid creates the pH of 1 to 2 that is necessary for pepsin to function and to kill most microorganisms that enter the stomach. A. B. D. These responses do not explain the function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
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The nurse assessing the client with cardiovascular disease observes the following clinical manifestations. Which one indicates arterial insufficiency?
A. Dependent edema B. Rubor in a dependent foot C. Paradoxical blood pressure D. Clubbing of the fingers and toes
After liver transplantation, long-term nutrition management may need to be tailored to help prevent
a. weight loss, anorexia, and nausea. b. ascites, edema, and electrolyte imbalances. c. cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatic coma. d. excessive weight gain, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
A change in skin color requires further assessment of which physiologic functions? Select all that apply
1. Hematocrit 2. Oxygenation 3. Glucose levels 4. Blood pressure 5. Bilirubin levels
A type IV hypersensitivity reaction causes which result?
a. Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators b. Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues c. Lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets d. Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surfac