Research has shown that endogenous opioid pathways that result in calming and pain-relieving effects are activated by:
1. Tylenol
2. Kangaroo care
3. Sucrose
4. Nonnutritive sucking
5. Choice 3 and 4
5
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1. Does not produce an endogenous response
2. While this comforts a neonate it does not have an endogenous opioid pathway
3. The administration of sucrose and the application of nonnutritive sucking are theorized to activate endogenous opioid pathways (natural pain relievers produced in the brain) with resulting calming and pain-relieving effects.
4. The administration of sucrose and the application of nonnutritive sucking are theorized to activate endogenous opioid pathways (natural pain relievers produced in the brain) with resulting calming and pain-relieving effects.
5. The administration of sucrose and the application of nonnutritive sucking are theorized to activate endogenous opioid pathways (natural pain relievers produced in the brain) with resulting calming and pain-relieving effects.
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