Which of the following statements regarding the G1 (first gap) phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is NOT true?
A. If DNA is heavily damaged, checkpoint proteins will delay the cell cycle; the damage will either be fixed or cell division will be permanently stopped.
B. Most cells spend the majority of their lives in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
C. Cells that are terminally differentiated and will not divide mitotically might exit the G1 phase and enter the G0 phase.
D. The G1 phase is only part of interphase.
E. If environmental conditions are favorable during the G1 phase, G1 cyclins are degraded causing the cell to prepare to replicate its DNA.
Answer: E
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Angiosperms have a much higher water-transport capacity than that found in tracheid-only plants because:
A. the thinness of tracheids in angiosperms enhances their transport capability. B. the thin leaves of angiosperms allow them to transpire at a greater rate, moving more water. C. the specialization of cells into vessel elements and fibers allows transport and support to become separate functions. D. xylem in angiosperms is composed of living cells. E. the thin diameter of angiosperm vessels increases the rate of water flow.
Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
A) breaking and capping actin B) increase cellular surface area C) assembly and disassembly D) terminal web E) control microtubule organization F) plectin G) central shaft H) nucleating actin branches I) bind to profilin and CapZ J) oligomer formation K) nucleating tubulin branches L) hemidesmosome M) decorate the actin microfilament N) dynein O) prevents loss of subunits P) desmosome Q) nuclear lamina R) account for 10-15% of microtubules S) inhibits microtubule assembly T) two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end U) found in cilia and flagella 1) axonemal microtubules 2) nucleation 3) treadmilling 4) nocodazole 5) motor MAPs 6) Arp2/3 complex 7) myosin subfragment 1 (S1) 8) capping protein 9) gelsolin 10) microvilli 11) filamin 12) polyphosphoinositides 13) nonmotor MAPs 14) axoneme 15) microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
Which of the following best classifies the baroreceptor reflex?
A) cranial; autonomic; innate; polysynaptic B) cranial; somatic; conditioned; polysynaptic C) cranial; autonomic; conditioned; monosynaptic D) spinal; autonomic; innate; polysynaptic E) spinal; autonomic; innate; monosynapti
All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis, except
A) It causes serious meningitis B) It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia C) It is more easily transmitted in day-care facilities, dorms, and military barracks D) Virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease E) The reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers