Which of the following age-related issues can contribute to vaginitis?
A) Alkaline vaginal pH
B) Muscle weakness of the perineum
C) Atrophy of the endocervical epithelium
D) Shortening and atrophy of the fallopian tubes
A
Feedback:
A change in the pH increases the incidence of vaginitis. Muscle weakness associated with advanced age causes perineal herniation and leads to cystocele, rectocele, and prolapse of the uterus. As the endocervical epithelium atrophies, occasionally the endocervical glands can seal over, causing the formation of nabothian cysts. The fallopian tubes undergo shortening and straightening but do not cause infection.
You might also like to view...
A nurse is helping another nurse fasten the knot of the cover gown before assisting a colleague with a dressing change. Which of the following advantages does a cover gown offer?
A) It decomposes easily with other biodegradable items. B) Its snug-fitting wristbands avoid contaminating the forearms. C) Its loose-fitting waist straps avoid contaminating the waist. D) It is durable enough to be used for the duration of the nurse's shift.
A patient asks the nurse why she needs a booster of tetanus toxoid after she cut her finger, since she already had a shot when she was a child. What should the nurse explain the booster produces?
a. Active immunity b. Natural immunity c. Protective antibodies d. Passive immunity
The student nurse asks how the nurse will know when the client has actually died. The nurse tells the student nurse about the signs of brain death and biological death. When does the client experience biological death?
A) Irreversible coma B) Pupils fixed and dilated C) Irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain D) Absence of respirations and the absence of a heartbeat
A nurse is reviewing the immune system with a group of nursing students. One student asks about the difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. What does the nurse reply?
a. "Humoral immunity does not involve helper T cells in the immune response." b. "Humoral immunity does not have a role in hypersensitivity reactions." c. "Humoral immunity requires cytolytic T cells that attack antigens directly." d. "Humoral immunity uses cells produced by B lymphocytes in the immune response."