What are some reasons the nurse might withhold food and fluids from a client? Select all that apply
A) A competent and informed client refuses them.
B) A son decides that it is his father's time to die.
C) It is determined to be more harmful to administer them than to withhold them.
D) A schizophrenic client believes that they are being poisoned.
E) The nurse thinks that the client is in too much pain.
Answer: A, C
The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.
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