Proportions express the relationship of equality between two ratios. In the proportion 1:4 :: 3:12, which terms are called the extremes and which are called the means?
A. 1 and 12 are the extremes and 4 and 3 are the means
B. 1 and 12 are the means and 4 and 3 are the extremes
C. 1 and 3 are the means and 4 and 12 are the extremes
D. 1 and 4 are the means and 3 and 12 are the extremes
a
Rationale: In the example given, the outer terms are the extremes (1 and 12) and the inner terms are the means (4 and 3). The way to determine that this proportion consists of two equal ratios is by multiplying the means and then multiplying the extremes and comparing their results. In this case, 4 3 3 5 12 and 1 3 12 5 12.
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