In a recent study about how to promote energy conservation, Nolan and colleagues (2008) found that simply telling people that their neighbors conserve energy was a more effective
means of reducing energy consumption than telling them other reasons why they should conserve. Why did this message work the best?
a. Participants experienced cognitive dissonance.
b. Participants engaged in counterfactual thinking.
c. Participants were affected by informational social influence.
d. Participants were persuaded by fear-appeals.
Answer: C
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Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders. In stages, his therapist shows him pictures, movies, and models of spiders, then a real dead spider, a small live spider in a jar, several live spiders in a jar, and finally a live spider loose in the room. At each stage, he makes sure that Julian is fully relaxed. This technique is known as __________.
A. free association B. systematic desensitization C. aversive conditioning D. transactional therapy
Your little brother has a big ball of clay. While he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long, snakelike shape. He begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. Which of Piaget's stages is your brother likely in?
A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Formal operational D. Concrete operational
All of the following is associated with formal operational reasoning EXCEPT ______.
A. the ability to think abstractly B. the ability to think logically C. the ability to engage in systematic thinking D. the ability to engage in selective attention
Research conducted with identical twins who were raised together versus apart shows that _______
a. genes play a large role in determining body weight and shape. b. when the twins are reared apart, weight gain occurs in different body areas. c. twins raised together are more similar in body shape than those reared apart. d. the weight of twins reared apart is correlated more with their adoptive family members than it is with their twin.