of crime and of being victimized by crime are key influences in criminal justice policy making and in the promotion of punitive policies.

a. Fear
b. Justification
c. Causes
d. Factors


a. Fear

Criminal Justice

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Gang members often refuse to use pleas of diminished capacity and self-defense because this runs counter to the value placed on masculinity and strength in most gangs

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Define operant conditioning and how the concept relates to criminality.

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

According to their interactional theory, which of the following interventions would Thornberry and Krohn be likely to support?

A. mandatory minimum prison sentences for gang crimes B. holistic support services to the youth and family C. after-school activities D. the removal of opportunity for gang membership

Criminal Justice

What may happen following a sentence of death?

a. The sentence may be overturned by an appellate court b. The sentence might be commuted to life in prison c. The offender might die in prison d. All of these may happen

Criminal Justice