Despotic rule replaced republican governments in the Italian city-state for which of the following reasons?
a. Class warfare between rich merchants and aristocrats led each side to seek one-man rule.
b. Republican governments were short-term and unable to handle famines, plagues, and economic disasters.
c. City-states came to rely on mercenary armies in their wars with fellow city-states.
d. Mercenary leaders were willing to seize power.
e. all of the above
e
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Why were laws limiting the workday to ten hours generally ineffective?
a. Employers could require prospective workers to sign a contract agreeing to longer hours. b. Employers simply ignored such laws. c. Most workers were happy to work longer days. d. Most workers already worked less than ten hours per day.
The idea of double stigma--in which occupying more than one stigmatized group has compounding, negative impacts upon mental health--is directly supportive of which theory?
A. the expansion hypothesis B. response style theory C. minority stress theory D. the gender intensification hypothesis
The French Revolution and the wars of Napoleon influenced the development of the Industrial Revolution by ________
A. destroying French Atlantic trade and disrupting continental economic life B. inspiring the working class to attain the material wealth and comforts of the middle class C. increasing trade and the demand for goods between Britain and other countries D. setting back the French economy and French industrialization
Among the Protestant denominations that grew rapidly during the Second Great Awakening were
a. Presbyterians and Congregationalists. b. Baptists and Methodists. c. Roman Catholics. d. Episcopalians.