Both prehepatic and posthepatic causes of portal hypertension include the formation of:
A) Fibrous nodules
B) Venous thrombosis
C) Collateral circulation
D) Portosystemic shunts
Ans: B
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Portal hypertension can be caused by a variety of conditions that increase resistance to hepatic blood flow. Prehepatic causes of portal hypertension include portal vein thrombosis; posthepatic obstruction is caused by conditions such as hepatic vein thrombosis and venoocclusive disease. Fibrous tissue bands and fibrous nodules that increase the resistance to portal blood flow are intrahepatic causes of portal hypertension. With the gradual obstruction of venous blood flow in the liver, portal vein pressure increases, resulting in the development of collateral channels between the portal and systemic veins. The increased pressure also leads to the formation of portopulmonary shunts that cause blood to bypass the pulmonary capillaries, thus interfering with blood oxygenation and producing cyanosis.
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