Eukaryotic motile cilia and flagella have similar structures but vary in number, length, and function. For each of the following, compare/contrast cilia and flagella
a. number present per cell
b. length of appendage
c. direction of force generated relative to the direction of the appendage
d. function in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes
e. motion analogy
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
a. Flagellated cells have one or a few flagella. Ciliated cells have numerous cilia.
b. Flagella generally are longer than cilia.
c. Flagella generate a force parallel to the flagellum axis, whereas cilia generate a force perpendicular to the cilium axis.
d. Flagella move cells in both multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes. Cilia move unicellular eukaryotes and small multicellular organisms, but ciliated cells in larger multicellular organisms use cilia to move the environment rather than the body as a whole.
e. The motion of flagella is symmetrical, undulatory, and can be helical. Cilia display an oarlike pattern of beating, with a power and a recovery stroke.
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