How does the notion of effort justification relate to cognitive dissonance?
a. Effort justification is a type of cognitive dissonance.
b. Effort justification precedes cognitive dissonance.
c. Effort justification is often a motive for cognitive dissonance.
d. Effort justification is often used to reduce cognitive dissonance.
D
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Men and boys are less likely to self-disclose. b. Disclosing troublesome thoughts increases the discloser’s tension. c. The more men there are in a therapeutic group the less effect it is. d. Individuals who express their psychological distress are healthier and happier. e. Members are more likely to self-disclose in a cohesive group.
Early in the 1990s, controversy arose regarding the accuracy of long-buried memories of sexual abuse. Freud would have explained this as an example of a repressed memory that later is brought to conscious awareness
What does the evidence say about repression? What will be an ideal response?
__________ youths rank highest in drug taking
A) African-American B) Native-American C) Hispanic D) Caucasian-American
Congenital factors in schizophrenia are suggested by data showing increased risk of schizophrenia in children whose mothers __________ while pregnant
a) were highly stressed b) were exposed to the flu c) drank excessively d) had a protein-deficient diet