Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a multiple-baseline design?
a. Bryce is an occupational therapist working with Sandy, a brain-injured patient. Bryce has decided to test the effects of a graphing strategy with Sandy. He starts the graphing technique, while collecting data in the form of minutes of strength training per day. He discontinues the graphing technique still collecting minutes of strength training per day. Bryce then reintroduces the graphing technique.
b. Laura has developed a new treatment to increase spatial ability. She randomly assigns students to either her intervention or a control condition. In the treatment condition students engage in working puzzles for twenty minutes a day for 10 days. Unfortunately, students don't like her intervention and refuse to do puzzles for all of the days.
c. Mr. Matthews, the school psychologist, is called by the third-grade teacher because one of the students, Seamus, has been referred for a new behavioral intervention plan, in which the teacher uses nonverbal signals as a positive consequence when Seamus engages in appropriate behavior. Mr. Matthews observes Seamus's behavior in the regular classroom and in Art and Music class. He records off-task behavior, calling out, and touching others for eight days.
d. Ewa is an athletic trainer at the university. She conducts research on violence in sport. She has designed a study to examine the effects of a new sportsmanship class. She randomly assigns teams by sport to be in either her new class or not. That is, some teams are in the class and others are not. She then compares incidents of violence between groups.
c
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Evaluation of applicants is the _____ step in the selection process and is sometimes the ________
a. first; hardest b. final; hardest c. final; easiest d. first; easiest
Sometimes children are allergic to specific foods, such as peanuts. If a parent says that her daughter has a food allergy, you should:
a. tell the parent that he or she will have to bring food for the child. b. make sure that the item in question never appears on the menu. c. tell the parent that you can't prepare special foods for every child. d. ask for physician's statement confirming the allergy and then post a note alerting the staff not to serve that food to the child.
When children create their own spellings for words, they are using which of the following?
a. conventional spelling b. invented spelling c. phonemic spelling d. unique spelling
Sharon wanted to investigate student perceptions of homework. First, she distributed a survey to students and their parents and collected quantitative data. Second, she interviewed a few participants to gain insights on their survey responses. Which design has Sharon employed?
a. Convergent b. Embedded c. Exploratory d. Explanatory