What is the correct order for the steps in transduction?
A. 1) Phage infects cell 2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell 3) Host DNA digested into fragments 4) Some phage accidently carry host DNA fragment 5) Phage infects new cell
B. 1) Phage infects cell 2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell 3) Host DNA digested into fragments 4) Phage infects new cell 5) Some phage accidently carry host DNA fragment
C. 1) Phage infects cell 2) Host DNA digested into fragments 3) Some phage accidently carry host DNA fragment 4) Phage infects new cell 5) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell
D. 1) Phage infects cell 2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell 3) Some phage accidently carry host DNA fragment 4) Phage infects new cell 5) Host DNA digested into fragments
C
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Dissimilatory iron-oxidation is a relatively new metabolism and is restricted to one unusual phylum of bacteria
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Sputum from a patient with a history of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is collected and sent to the microbiology lab for analysis. X-ray analysis and an acid-fast smear made from the sputum indicate that the patient has active tuberculosis. The physician has requested that the sputum be analyzed for pathogen load, but because colonies of Mycobacterium typically take between 3 to 8 weeks to appear on agar, results from traditional culture methods are often delayed. If you were the microbiologist in this case, what would you do?
A. Using the sputum, apply end-point PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to estimate the pathogen load, then follow up with a traditional culture. B. Set up a traditional culture on the sputum, then use the colonies for real-time PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to quantify the pathogen load. C. Set up a traditional culture on the sputum, then use the colonies for end-point PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to quantify the pathogen load. D. Using the sputum, apply real-time PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to estimate the pathogen load, then follow up with a traditional culture.
?A Barr body is a(n) ____.
a. activated X chromosome
b. inactivated X chromosome
c. immature trophoblast
d. immature blastocyst
e. mature blastocyst
In the absence of glucose, how does the lac operon function when lactose is present?
A) Lactose binds to the repressor protein and alters its shape so it can no longer bind to the operator. RNA polymerase is then able to bind to the promoter and transcribes genes necessary for metabolizing lactose. B) Lactose binds to the operator, preventing the repressor protein from binding to the promoter. RNA polymerase is then able to bind to the promoter and transcribes the genes necessary for metabolizing lactose. C) A repressor protein binds to the operator, which prevents RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter. D) A repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing lactose from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase then binds to the lactose and breaks it down. E) Lactose binds to a repressor protein. The repressor protein then binds to RNA polymerase, which metabolizes the lactose and dismantles the repressor protein.