The fact that we always expect rewards for performing a task for which we've received a reward in the past can best be explained by _____
A) intrinsic motivation
B) positive motivation
C) approach
D) contrast effect
Answer: D
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Which of the following is a difference between the psychoanalytic perspective and the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders?
A. The psychoanalytic perspective rejects the idea that prior experiences can have a profound effect on current psychological functioning, whereas the behavioral perspective looks at thoughts, attitudes, and emotions that may contribute to abnormal behavior. B. The behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem, whereas the psychoanalytic perspective holds that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts. C. The psychoanalytic perspective holds individuals responsible for their abnormal behavior, whereas the behavioral perspective suggests that the fundamental cause of abnormal behavior is brain injury. D. The behavioral perspective looks at abnormal behaviors as symptoms of an underlying problem, whereas the psychoanalytic perspective assumes that physiological causes are at the room of psychological disorders.
Which characteristic best describes the first of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan?
A. goodness as self-sacrifice B. orientation toward individual survival C. morality of nonviolence D. moral equivalence established between self and others
According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to:
a. erotic wishes. b. stressful life events. c. physiological needs for brain stimulation. d. random bursts of neural activity.
Most people do not perceive their risks correctly, and they view their poor health behaviors as shared by everyone. This perception is often
A. unambiguous. B. socially influenced. C. unrealistically optimistic. D. unrealistically pessimistic.