Describe and provide examples of Moffitt's concepts of a life-course trajectory and an adolescence-limited trajectory of conduct disorder
What will be an ideal response?
• Time of onset affects symptom patterns, severity and outcomes.
• Life-course trajectory: usually starts early in development; more often displayed by boys; more likely to have a history of ODD, display more aggression, and have a family history of antisocial behavior
• Adolescence-limited trajectory: behavioral symptoms begin in adolescence; generally less problematic over time although still can impact daily functioning
• Girls may display a delayed onset CD with risks such as pregnancy and later antisocial behavior
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Wundt argued that James's approach to psychology was flawed because James:
A) relied too much on introspection as a research method. B) did not conduct much laboratory research. C) unnecessarily constrained his research to observable behaviour. D) advocated a theory inconsistent with the tenets of natural selection.
A teacher believes that one group of children is very bright and that a second group is below average in ability, although both groups are actually equal in ability. Nevertheless, the first group progresses more rapidly than the second. This demonstrates
a. the self-fulfilling prophecy. b. the placebo effect within a natural experiment. c. observer bias in naturalistic observation. d. the ethical problems of field experiments.
Prospect theory assumes that people are:
A) more willing to take risks when evaluating gains than they are when evaluating losses. B) more willing to take risks when evaluating losses than they are when evaluating gains. C) equally willing to take risks to achieve gains and avoid losses. D) unwilling to take risks either to achieve gains or to avoid losses.
Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in
A. sexual relationships. B. same-sex relationships. C. other-sex friendships. D. mixed-sex relationships.