According to Herbert Packer, which of the following is NOT an element of punishment?
a. an offense
b. the infliction of pain because of the commission of the offense
c. use of community justice tactics to deter the offender
d. a dominant purpose to prevent further offenses or to inflict pain on the offender
D
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The Social System model characterizes organized crime as based upon cultural values which have nothing to do with modern bureaucratic values
a. True b. False
All federal inmates are required to participate in a mandatory ________ program if necessary
A) apprenticeship B) literacy C) counseling D) vocational training
________ is a punitive housing assignment after a finding of guilt for a serious prison rule violation
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which of the following states that any killing, whether intentional or not, occurring during the course of committing certain serious crimes, such as robbery or rape, can result in life imprisonment or a death sentence?
a. Three strikes law b. Felony murder rule c. Mandatory minimum sentencing d. Proposition 47