This figure illustrates Joule's apparatus for determining the equivalence of work and heat. The paddles inside the cylinder are connected via pulleys to a weight (yellow). As the weight falls, the paddle wheel turns, and the water's temperature goes up. If the weight falls rapidly and hits the table on which the apparatus is resting, what goes wrong with the measurement? (Hint: See page 256 to
read more about this scenario.)
a. It would cause some of the water to spill.
b. Some of the energy would be transmitted in the form of heat to the table instead of the water.
c. The paddles must turn slowly to transmit energy to the water.
d. The weight must move slowly to do all the work it can.
b
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