Define and contrast the deterrence and conflict spiral views of international conflict
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Deterrence is the belief that signs of weakness will be exploited by the opponent and that leaders need to show their willingness to use military might. Conflict spiral is the view that escalations of international threat lead an opponent to feel more threatened and that leaders should thus demonstrate peaceful intentions to reduce the opponent's own defensive hostilities.
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What point did Erik Erikson's stages of development emphasize? a. Cultural differences determine people's intellectual patterns
b. Difficulties at any age lead to further difficulties later. c. Childhood sexual fantasies and frustrations lead to neurosis. d. Human development and maturation depend largely on genetic influences.
The "Rosenthal effect" occurs when
a. race of the tester produces a bias. b. the administrators' expectations influence the respondents' scores. c. test-takers do poorly because they are fatigued. d. the gender of the test administrator is different than that of the examinee.
Regarding stress and the immune system, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Antibodies lock onto antigens and mark them for destruction by killer lymphocytes. b. Continued secretion of corticosteroids dampens the functioning of immune-system cells. c. Psychological techniques, like journaling, can help improve immunological functioning. d. The only way to acquire immunity to antigens is through immunization or vaccination. e. During examination periods, college students often experience compromised immune system responses.
What are assumptions that are clearly stated?
A. explicit expectations B. social roles C. implicit expectations D. social influence