a. self-justification.
b. counterfactual thinking.
c. wish fulfillment.
d. unrealistic fantasy.
b. counterfactual thinking.
c. wish fulfillment.
d. unrealistic fantasy.
ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of the placebo effect?
a. It is caused by participants' expectations.
b. It may be controlled through use of the double-blind procedure.
c. It is only a factor in medication trials.
d. All of the above are true.
B
Psychology
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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A. Top-down processing uses a concept to screen incoming information, while bottom-up processing looks for a pattern in a pool of information. B. Top-down processing uses sensory perceptions in problem solving, while bottom-up processing uses a structured goal to guide the process of perception. C. Top-down processing arranges bits of information into a recognizable whole, while bottom-up processing screens data according to prior knowledge. D. Top-down processing relies on primarily cognitive processes, while bottom-up processing operates on a mostly unconscious basis.
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