A nurse is examining a patient with a potential of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The nurse knows that which diagnostic is the most important indicator to support a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome?
1. Total estrogen level
2. Waist to chest ratio
3. Hyperandrogenism
4. Hypoinsulinemia
3
Rationale 1: Total estrogen level might not be normal, but this is not the most important indicator.
Rationale 2: Waist-to-chest ratio is usually checked, as the disorder is seen more often in obese women, but this is not the most important indicator.
Rationale 3: Hyperandrogenism is the most important indicator. These women have a high amount of the male hormone.
Rationale 4: Hypoinsulinemia is checked, as insulin resistance is a factor, but this is not the most important indicator.
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A client has a possible connective tissue disease and the nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory values. Which laboratory values and their related connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are correctly matched? (Select all that apply.)
a. Elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) - Normal value; no connective tissue disease b. Elevated sedimentation rate - Rheumatoid arthritis c. Lowered albumin - Indicative only of nutritional deficit d. Positive human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) - Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis e. Positive rheumatoid factor - Possible kidney disease
The nurse is talking with a male client who is on a regimen of antihypertensive medications. The nurse knows that there are side effects that affect masculine roles associated with these medications. Those side effects include:
1. Impotence and hyperglycemia. 2. Impotence and dizziness. 3. Decreased tolerance for physical activity and tremors. 4. Erectile dysfunction and hoarseness.
In a nonequivalent control group design, the most serious threat to internal validity is:
A) Testing B) Selection C) Maturation D) History
Which of the following interventions represents a way in which nurses can show empathy for older persons' grief during bereavement?
a. taking the time to listen to their stories and reminiscences b. referring them as quickly as possible for psychiatric evaluation c. encouraging them to dwell only on pleasant topics d. minimizing the loss