List several factors that determine how cold the air at night can become
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: ?Student answers may vary slightly, but all should say that how cold the night air becomes depends primarily on the length of the night, the moisture content of the air, cloudiness, and the wind. Even though wind may initially bring cold air into a region, the coldest nights usually occur when the air is clear and relatively calm. Other factors that determine how cold the night air becomes are, for example, a surface that is wet or covered with vegetation can add water vapor to the air, retarding nighttime cooling. Likewise, if the soil is a good heat conductor, heat ascending toward the surface during the night adds warmth to the air, which restricts cooling. On the other hand, snow covering the ground acts as an insulating blanket that prevents heat stored in the soil from reaching the air. Snow, a good emitter of infrared energy, radiates away energy rapidly at night, which helps keeps the air temperature above a snow surface quite low.
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